1-naphthol is a naphthol carrying a hydroxy group at position 1.
Definition
1-naphthol is a naphthol carrying a hydroxy group at position 1. It has a role as a genotoxin and a human xenobiotic metabolite.
Source: PubChem
US FDA substance register · UNII 2A71EAQ389 · registered name 1-Naphthol · single chemical substance
Cosmetic roles
Safety & regulatory references
- Banned
- South Korea
- Restricted or banned
- South Korea · Taiwan
- Restricted
- Taiwan · United Kingdom
Source: MFDS (Korea) cosmetic regulatory information · ASEAN Cosmetic Directive · EU Cosmetics Regulation · Health Canada Cosmetic Ingredient Hotlist · Taiwan FDA cosmetic ingredients · Taiwan FDA cosmetic regulations · UK cosmetics regulations (OPSS)
Argentina · Brazil
- Field of application and/or use : Oxidation dye for coloring hairs
- Maximum concentration permitted at final product : 2%
- Other limitations and requirements : In combination with hydrogen peroxide the maximum concentration in the product ready to use is 1%
- Use conditions and warnings that must appear on the label : May cause allergic reaction
Canada
- Conditions of Use by product type : (a) In Hair dyes as an oxidizing colouring agent (b) In combination with hydrogen peroxide
- Maximum Concentration Permitted : (a) 2% (b) 1%
ASEAN
- Field of application and/or use : Hair dye substance in oxidative hair dye products Use for dyeing eyelashes and eyebrows is not permitted.
- Other limitations and requirements : After mixing under oxidative conditions the maximum concentration applied to hair must not exceed 2.0%. The direction for use “wear suitable gloves” must be included in label or leaflet text.
- Conditions of use and warning which must be printed on the labels : The mixing ratio must be printed on the label. Hair colorants can cause severe allergic reactions. Read and follow instructions. This product is not intended for use on persons under the age of 16. Temporary “black henna” tattoos may increase your risk of allergy. Do not colour your hair if: • you have a rash on your face or sensitive, irritated and damaged scalp, • you have ever experienced any reaction after colouring your hair, • you have experienced a reaction to a temporary “black henna” tattoo in the past
China
- Maximum concentration : 1%
European Union
- Product Type, body parts : Hair dye substance in oxidative hair dye products
- Other : After mixing under oxidative conditions the maximum concentration applied to hair must not exceed 1 % calculated as free base
- Wording of conditions of use and warnings : Hair colourants can cause severe allergic reactions. Read and follow instructions. This product is not intended for use on persons under the age of 16. Temporary ‘black henna’ tattoos may increase your risk of allergy. Do not colour your hair if: — you have a rash on your face or sensitive, irritated and damaged scalp, — you have ever experienced any reaction after colouring your hair, — you have experienced a reaction to a temporary ‘black henna’ tattoo in the past
European Union
- Product Type, body parts : Hair dye substance in oxidative hair dye products
- Other : After mixing under oxidative conditions the maximum concentration applied to hair must not exceed 2,0%
- Wording of conditions of use and warnings : To be printed on the label: Hair colorants can cause severe allergic reactions.
Source: MFDS (Korea) cosmetic regulatory information
Not classified under Korea’s toxic-substance GHS list · existing chemical substance
EU Cosmetics Regulation, Annex III (restricted substances), entry 16 · applies to Hair dye substance in oxidative hair dye products
Restriction III/16 · Other restriction: ban substances that deplete the ozone layer
Source: EU CosIng ingredient list
Reviewed by CIR: Annual Review of Cosmetic Ingredient Safety Assessments: 2007-2010
Reviewed by CIR: Final Report on the Safety Assessment of 1-Naphthol
More data — names, identifiers, properties, test records, literature
Names & identifiers
- CAS No.chemical registry number
- 90-15-3
- EC No.EU chemical inventory number
- 201-969-4
- DTXSIDUS EPA chemical ID
- DTXSID6021793
- DTXCIDUS EPA compound ID
- DTXCID401793
- IUPAC
- Naphthalen-1-ol
- Molecular formula
- C10H8O
- Molecular weight
- 144.173 g/mol
Measured properties
- Appearance
- Large Crystals · Colorless or yellow solid, [Hawley] Darkens on exposure to light, [Merck Index] Colorless crystalline solid, [MSDSonline]
- Odour
- Phenolic odor
- Boiling point
- 288 °C · 279.00 to 280.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
- Melting point
- 96 °C · 94.00 to 95.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
- Solubility
- In water, 866 mg/L at 25 °C · Very soluble in ethanol and ether, soluble in acetone
- Density
- 1.0954 at 98.7 °C/4 °C · 1.0989 @ 99°C
- Stability
- Water stability: stable at pH < or =6.5, increased transformation with increased pH. /from table/ · Darkens on exposure to air or light.
- Dissociation constant
- pKa = 9.34 at 25 °C
- Melting/freezing point
- 96 ℃
- Initial boiling point and range
- 288 ℃
- Flash point
- 125 ℃
- Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits
- 5.0 / 0.8 %
- Vapour pressure
- 1.7 ㎜Hg (110℃)
- Water solubility
- 866 ㎎/ℓ (25℃)
- Relative density
- 1.0954 (98.7℃/ 4℃)
- n-Octanol/water partition coefficient (Kow)
- 2.85
- Auto-ignition temperature
- 510 ℃
- Molecular weight
- 144.17
Values measured on the substance itself. The KOSHA data are a reference for writing and reviewing safety data sheets, not a specification for a commercial raw material.
Source: PubChem · KOSHA safety data sheets (Korea)
What products actually use it for
What the 8 products reported to the US EPA with this ingredient use it for. Products outside cosmetics are included, so the top few rows are its main uses.
- Degradant/impurity (EPA)3
- Dye3
- Intermediate2
Source: US EPA CompTox dashboard
Irritation and sensitisation studies
8 skin studies and 6 eye studies are on record.
The study conclusions largely agree (100%). These tests are on the raw material itself; irritation at the amount in a finished product is a different question.
See all 14 studies
- High Frequency of Sensitization
skin sensitisation: in vivo (LLNA) · Screening · according to OECD Guideline 429 (Skin Sensitisation: Local Lymph Node Assay) - Skin irritation - category 2
Skin Irritation · Screening - Category 1
Skin Irritation · Screening - Category 6.3A (Category 2)
Skin Irritation · Read Across - Skin corrosion/irritation - Category 2
Skin Irritation · Screening - Classification not possible
Skin Sensitization · Screening - Skin sensitisation - category 1
Skin Sensitization · Screening - Skin Irrit. 2
Skin Irritation · Authoritative - Eye Dam. 1
Eye Irritation · Authoritative - Eye damage - category 1
Eye Irritation · Screening - Corrosive or Irritation Persists for > 21 days
eye irritation: in vitro / ex vivo · Screening · other guideline: OECD Guideline 438 (Isolated Chicken Eye Test Method for Identifying i) Chemicals Inducing Serious Eye Damage and ii) Chemicals Not Requiring Classification for Eye Irritation or Serious Eye Damage) according to - Category 1
Eye Irritation · Screening - Category 8.3A (Category 1)
Eye Irritation · Read Across - Serious eye damage/eye irritation - Category 1
Eye Irritation · Screening
Source: US EPA CompTox dashboard
Related literature
- 7 Final Report on the Safety Assessment of 1-Naphthol · 1989
- Ranking skin‐sensitizing hair dye molecules according to their potency by the use of human cells · 2018
- Dermal Exposure to Jet Fuel JP-8 Significantly Contributes to the Production of Urinary Naphthols in Fuel-Cell Maintenance Workers · 2005
- Urinary 1-naphthol excretion in the assessment of exposure to creosote in an impregnation facility. · 1997
- The lipoxygenase inhibitor 2-phenylmethyl-1-naphthol (DuP 654) is a 12(S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid receptor antagonist in the human epidermal cell line SCL-II. · 1993
Linked databases 29
- ASEAN Cosmetic Directive
- Australian Industrial Chemicals Inventory (AICIS)
- ChEBI
- ChEMBL
- China inventory of existing ingredients (IECIC)
- EU CosIng ingredient list 2
- EU Cosmetics Regulation
- EU restricted substances (Annex III)
- EU SCCS safety opinions 2
- Health Canada Cosmetic Ingredient Hotlist
- Korea Cosmetic Association ingredient dictionary
- Korea toxic substances GHS register (NIER)
- KOSHA safety data sheets (Korea)
- MFDS (Korea) cosmetic ingredient register 2
- MFDS (Korea) cosmetic regulatory information 2 3 4
- NIST Chemistry WebBook
- PubChem 2
- Taiwan FDA cosmetic ingredients
- Taiwan FDA cosmetic regulations
- Tlooto literature search 2 3 4 5
- UK cosmetics regulations (OPSS)
- UniChem cross-reference IDs
- US Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) 2 3
- US EPA CompTox dashboard 2
- US EPA DSSTox chemical database
- US FDA substance registration (GSRS)
- US FDA Unique Ingredient Identifier (UNII)
- Wikidata
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