Butyric acid is a straight-chain saturated fatty acid that is butane in which one of the terminal methyl groups has been oxidised to a carboxy group.
Definition
Butyric acid is a straight-chain saturated fatty acid that is butane in which one of the terminal methyl groups has been oxidised to a carboxy group. It has a role as a Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite and a human urinary metabolite. It is a fatty acid 4:0 and a straight-chain saturated fatty acid. It is a conjugate acid of a butyrate.
Source: PubChem
US FDA substance register · UNII 40UIR9Q29H · registered name Butyric Acid · single chemical substance
Cosmetic roles
Safety & regulatory references
Not classified under Korea’s toxic-substance GHS list · existing chemical substance
More data — names, identifiers, properties, test records, literature
Names & identifiers
- CAS No.chemical registry number
- 107-92-6
- EC No.EU chemical inventory number
- 203-532-3
- DTXSIDUS EPA chemical ID
- DTXSID8021515
- DTXCIDUS EPA compound ID
- DTXCID401515
- IUPAC
- Butanoic acid
- Molecular formula
- C4H8O2
- Molecular weight
- 88.106 g/mol
Measured properties
- Colour
- colourless
- Melting/freezing point
- -5 ℃
- Initial boiling point and range
- 164 ℃
- Flash point
- 72 ℃(c.c.)
- Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits
- 10 / 2 %
- Vapour pressure
- 57 ㎩ (20℃)
- Water solubility
- 6 g/100㎖ (25℃)
- Vapour density
- 3
- Relative density
- 0.964
- n-Octanol/water partition coefficient (Kow)
- 0.79
- Auto-ignition temperature
- 452 ℃
- Viscosity
- 1.61 cP
- Molecular weight
- 88.12
Values measured on the substance itself. The KOSHA data are a reference for writing and reviewing safety data sheets, not a specification for a commercial raw material.
Source: KOSHA safety data sheets (Korea)
What products actually use it for
What the 22 products reported to the US EPA with this ingredient use it for. Products outside cosmetics are included, so the top few rows are its main uses.
- Fragrance8
- Flavouring and nutrient6
- pH regulating agent2
- Plasticizer1
- Monomers1
- Processing aids not otherwise specified1
- Intermediate1
- Antioxidant1
1 other uses
- Deodorizer1
Source: US EPA CompTox dashboard
Irritation and sensitisation studies
7 skin studies and 2 eye studies are on record.
The study conclusions largely agree (100%). These tests are on the raw material itself; irritation at the amount in a finished product is a different question.
See all 9 studies
- Corrosive
skin irritation: in vivo · Screening · OECD Guideline 404 (Acute Dermal Irritation / Corrosion) 1981 according to - Classification not possible
Skin Sensitization · Screening - Category 8.2C (Category 1C)
Skin Irritation · Read Across - Corrosive
skin irritation: in vivo · Screening · other guideline: DOT test; 19 CFR, Chapter I, Sec. 173.40 according to - Skin Corr. 1B
Skin Irritation · Authoritative - Category 1
Skin Irritation · Screening - Skin corrosion/irritation - Category 1
Skin Irritation · Screening - Category 1
Eye Irritation · Screening - Category 8.3A (Category 1)
Eye Irritation · Read Across
Source: US EPA CompTox dashboard
Related literature
- A new biocompatible butyric acid-releasing glucosamine derivative for transdermal delivery. · 2025
- Exploring the effect of butyric acid, a metabolite from periodontopathic bacteria, on primary human melanocytes: An in vitro study. · 2024
- Effects of butyric acid, a bacterial metabolite, on the migration of ameloblastoma mediated by laminin 332. · 2020
- Skin Cutibacterium acnes Mediates Fermentation to Suppress the Calcium Phosphate-Induced Itching: A Butyric Acid Derivative with Potential for Uremic Pruritus · 2020
- A Derivative of Butyric Acid, the Fermentation Metabolite of Staphylococcus epidermidis, Inhibits the Growth of a Staphylococcus aureus Strain Isolated from Atopic Dermatitis Patients · 2019
Linked databases 18
- Australian Industrial Chemicals Inventory (AICIS)
- ChEBI
- ChEMBL
- EU CosIng ingredient list 2
- Korea Cosmetic Association ingredient dictionary
- Korea toxic substances GHS register (NIER)
- KOSHA safety data sheets (Korea)
- MFDS (Korea) cosmetic ingredient register 2
- NIST Chemistry WebBook
- PubChem
- Tlooto literature search 2 3 4 5
- UniChem cross-reference IDs
- US EPA CompTox dashboard 2
- US EPA DSSTox chemical database
- US FDA substance registration (GSRS)
- US FDA Unique Ingredient Identifier (UNII)
- Wikidata
- Wikipedia · Korean · English · Japanese · Chinese