Are there usage precautions?

푸마릭애씨드(푸마르산)는 피부 보호와 보습에 도움을 주며 주로 각질 제거 및 항산화제로 사용됩니다.

All ingredients

Ingredient Dictionary

FUMARIC ACID

Fumaric acid is a butenedioic acid in which the C=C double bond has E geometry.

How much products actually contain

No product states its amount yet.

Of the products containing it, 1 list it before the 1% line and 10 after it (usually 1% or less).

Products using this ingredient

11 of 11 confirmed · likeliest to carry enough first

Definition

Fumaric acid is a butenedioic acid in which the C=C double bond has E geometry. It is an intermediate metabolite in the citric acid cycle. It has a role as a geroprotector, a food acidity regulator and a fundamental metabolite. It is a conjugate acid of a fumarate(1-).

Source: PubChem

US FDA substance register · UNII 88XHZ13131 · registered name Fumaric Acid · single chemical substance

Source: US FDA Unique Ingredient Identifier (UNII)

Cosmetic roles

Keeps pH steadyBUFFERING

Safety & regulatory references

Not classified under Korea’s toxic-substance GHS list · existing chemical substance

Source: Korea toxic substances GHS register (NIER)

Reviewed by CIR: Final Report on the Safety Assessment of Fumaric Acid and Related Salts and Esters as Used in Cosmetics

Source: US Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR)

More data — names, identifiers, properties, test records, literature

Official labels & definitions

JCIA labelling name フマル酸: 本品は、次の化学式で表されるジカルボン酸である。

Source: JCIA labelling names (Japan)

Names & identifiers

FUMARIC ACIDINCI푸마릭애씨드Korean label name (MFDS standard)2-Butenedioic acid, (E)-Synonymフマル酸Japanese labelling name

CAS No.chemical registry number: 110-17-8
CAS No.chemical registry number: 6315-18-0
EC No.EU chemical inventory number: 203-743-0
DTXSIDUS EPA chemical ID: DTXSID3021518
DTXCIDUS EPA compound ID: DTXCID601518

IUPAC: (2E)-But-2-enedioic acid
Molecular formula: C4H4O4
Molecular weight: 116.072 g/mol

Measured properties

Appearance: Fumaric acid appears as a colorless crystalline solid. The primary hazard is the threat to the environment. Immediate steps should be taken to limit spread to the environment. Combustible, though may be difficult to ignite. Used to make paints and plastics, in food processing and preservation, and for other uses. · Liquid, Other Solid, Dry Powder, CBI, Large Crystals
Odour: Odorless · odourless
Boiling point: 329 °F at 1.7 mmHg, sublimes (NTP, 1992) · 522 °C
Melting point: 572 to 576 °F (NTP, 1992) · 287 dec °C
Solubility: less than 1 mg/mL at 72 °F (NTP, 1992) · 7000 mg/L (at 25 °C)
Density: 1.635 at 68 °F (USCG, 1999) - Denser than water, will sink · 1.635 g/cu cm at 20 °C
Stability: Fumaric acid is stable although it is subject to degradation by both aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms. When heated in sealed vessels with water at 150 - 170 °C it forms DL-malic acid.
pH: 3,0-3,2 (0,05 % solution at 25 °C)
Dissociation constant: 3.03 (at 18 °C) · pKa1 = 3.03, pKa2 = 4.44 at 18 °C
Initial boiling point and range: 522
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: 1.4 / 0.1 g/ℓ
Vapour pressure: 0.000154 ㎜Hg (25℃)
Water solubility: 0.7 g/100㎖ (25℃)
Relative density: 1.635
n-Octanol/water partition coefficient (Kow): 0.46
Auto-ignition temperature: 740 ℃
Decomposition temperature: 287
Molecular weight: 116.08

Values measured on the substance itself. The KOSHA data are a reference for writing and reviewing safety data sheets, not a specification for a commercial raw material.

Source: PubChem · KOSHA safety data sheets (Korea)

What products actually use it for

What the 26 products reported to the US EPA with this ingredient use it for. Products outside cosmetics are included, so the top few rows are its main uses.

Flavouring and nutrient5
pH regulating agent4
Fixing agent (mordant)3
Pharmaceutical (EPA)3
Processing aids not otherwise specified2
Monomers2
Leavening agent (EPA)1
Fragrance1

5 other uses

Dispersing agent1
Elasticizer1
Food preservative (EPA)1
Chemical reaction regulator1
Biocide1

Source: US EPA CompTox dashboard

Irritation and sensitisation studies

6 skin studies and 5 eye studies are on record.

Classed as moderate1Classed as low5

The studies disagree (the most common conclusion covers 17%), so they do not establish that this ingredient is irritating. These tests are on the raw material itself; irritation at the amount in a finished product is a different question.

See all 11 studies

Not likely to be sensitizing
skin sensitisation: in vivo (non-LLNA) · Screening · according to OECD Guideline 406 (Skin Sensitisation)
Moderate or Mild Irritation
skin irritation: in vivo · Screening · OECD Guideline 404 (Acute Dermal Irritation / Corrosion) according to
Studies Indicate No Significant Irritation
skin irritation: in vivo · Screening · OECD Guideline 404 (Acute Dermal Irritation / Corrosion) according to
Classification not possible
Skin Sensitization · Screening
Not classified
Skin Irritation · Screening
Not likely to be sensitizing
skin sensitisation: in vivo (LLNA) · Screening · according to OECD Guideline 429 (Skin Sensitisation: Local Lymph Node Assay)
Severe Irritation
eye irritation: in vivo · Screening · OECD Guideline 405 (Acute Eye Irritation / Corrosion) according to
Moderate or Mild Irritation
eye irritation: in vivo · Screening · OECD Guideline 405 (Acute Eye Irritation / Corrosion) according to
Category 6.4A (Category 2A)
Eye Irritation · Read Across
Eye Irrit. 2
Eye Irritation · Authoritative
Category 2A
Eye Irritation · Screening