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Ingredient Dictionary

ISOBUTANE

Isobutane is an alkane that is propane substituted by a methyl group at position 2.

Molecular structure

How much products actually contain

No product states its amount yet.

Of the products containing it, 99 list it before the 1% line and 9 after it (usually 1% or less).

Products using this ingredient

12 of 104 confirmed · likeliest to carry enough first · See all 104

Definition

Isobutane is an alkane that is propane substituted by a methyl group at position 2. It has a role as a food propellant and a refrigerant. It is a gas molecular entity and an alkane.

Source: PubChem

US FDA substance register · UNII BXR49TP611 · registered name ISOBUTANE · single chemical substance

Source: US FDA Unique Ingredient Identifier (UNII)

Isobutane, less than 0.1% w/w butadiene

Cosmetic roles

Pushes the product out (aerosol)PROPELLANT

Safety & regulatory references

Banned
Argentina · ASEAN · Brazil · China · European Union · United Kingdom
Restricted or banned
Argentina · ASEAN · Brazil · China · European Union

Source: ASEAN Cosmetic Directive · EU Cosmetics Regulation · MFDS (Korea) cosmetic regulatory information · UK cosmetics regulations (OPSS)

Canada

  • Maximum Concentration Permitted : 0.1% w/w of 1,3-butadiene (106-99-0)

Source: MFDS (Korea) cosmetic regulatory information

Not classified under Korea’s toxic-substance GHS list · existing chemical substance

Source: Korea toxic substances GHS register (NIER)

EU Cosmetics Regulation, Annex II (prohibited substances), entry 464

Source: EU prohibited substances (Annex II)

Reviewed by CIR: Isobutane, Butane, Isopentane and Propane

Source: US Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR)

Reviewed by CIR: Annual Review of Cosmetic Ingredient Safety Assessments - 2002/2003

Source: US Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR)

Reviewed by CIR: Final Report of the Safety Assessment of Isobutane, Isopentane, n-Butane, and Propane

Source: US Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR)

More data — names, identifiers, properties, test records, literature

Official labels & definitions

JCIA labelling name イソブタン: 本品は、次の化学式で表される炭化水素である。

Source: JCIA labelling names (Japan)

Names & identifiers

ISOBUTANEINCI아이소부탄Korean label name (MFDS standard)Propane, 2-methyl-SynonymイソブタンJapanese labelling name
CAS No.chemical registry number
72-28-5
CAS No.chemical registry number
75-28-5
EC No.EU chemical inventory number
200-857-2
DTXSIDUS EPA chemical ID
DTXSID1026401
DTXCIDUS EPA compound ID
DTXCID806401
IUPAC
2-Methylpropane
Molecular formula
C4H10
Molecular weight
58.124 g/mol

Measured properties

Appearance
Isobutane is a colorless gas with a faint petroleum-like odor. It is shipped as a liquefied gas under its vapor pressure. Contact with the liquid can cause frostbite. It is easily ignited. The vapors are heavier than air. Any leak can either be liquid or vapor. It can asphyxiate by the displacement of air. Under prolonged exposure to fire or intense heat the containers may rupture violently and ro · CBI, Gas Vapor, Liquid
Odour
Gasoline-like or natural gas odor. · Slight odor
Boiling point
10.8 °F at 760 mmHg (USCG, 1999) · -11.7 °C
Melting point
-255 °F (NIOSH, 2024) · -138.3 °C
Solubility
Slight (NIOSH, 2024) · In water, 48.9 mg/L at 25 °C
Density
0.557 at 68 °F (USCG, 1999) - Less dense than water, will float · 0.55092 g/cu cm at 25 °C, 0.55711 g/cu cm at 20 °C, 0.61415 at -29.5 °C
Stability
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Viscosity
0.238 cP at -10 °C · 0.238 cP (-10℃)
Colour
colourless
Melting/freezing point
-138.3 ℃
Initial boiling point and range
-11.7 ℃
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits
8.4 / 1.8 %
Vapour pressure
2611 ㎜Hg (25℃)
Water solubility
0.00489 g/100㎖ (25℃)
Vapour density
2.01
Relative density
0.6
n-Octanol/water partition coefficient (Kow)
2.76
Auto-ignition temperature
460 ℃ (Closed cup)
Molecular weight
58.12

Values measured on the substance itself. The KOSHA data are a reference for writing and reviewing safety data sheets, not a specification for a commercial raw material.

Source: PubChem · KOSHA safety data sheets (Korea)

What products actually use it for

What the 770 products reported to the US EPA with this ingredient use it for. Products outside cosmetics are included, so the top few rows are its main uses.

  • Propellants, non-motive (blowing agents)518
  • No specific technical function225
  • Intermediate4
  • Fuel4
  • Sealant (barrier)3
  • Processing aids not otherwise specified3
  • Refrigerants2
  • Energy releasers (explosives, motive propellant)2
6 other uses
  • Fuel agents2
  • Density modifier2
  • Filler2
  • Catalyst1
  • Flavouring and nutrient1
  • Monomers1

Source: US EPA CompTox dashboard

Irritation and sensitisation studies

2 skin studies and 1 eye studies are on record.

Classed as low1

The study conclusions largely agree (100%). These tests are on the raw material itself; irritation at the amount in a finished product is a different question.

See all 3 studies
  • Not classified
    Skin Irritation · Screening
  • Classification not possible
    Skin Sensitization · Screening
  • Not classified
    Eye Irritation · Screening

Source: US EPA CompTox dashboard

Related literature

Linked databases 27

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