Maleic acid is a butenedioic acid in which the double bond has cis- (Z)-configuration.
How much products actually contain
No product states its amount yet.
Of the products containing it, 3 list it before the 1% line and 9 after it (usually 1% or less).
Products using this ingredient
12 of 12 confirmed · likeliest to carry enough first
AYUNCHEPro The Bond Enhancer
KloraneAquatic Mint Shampoo
American CrewAmerican Crew MOLDING CLAY
AYUNCHEPro Care Deep Repairing Cream
AYUNCHEEnrich Bonding Hair Mask
KloranePeony Scalp Pack 150ml Special Set / Single
AYUNCHEEnrich Bonding Care Oil
AYUNCHEEnrich Bonding Shampoo
IGK HairIGK Hair Paid In Full High Gloss Intense Repair Treatment
Pelican SoapBooty in Love Bubble Scrub 180g
MiseensceneSalon 10 Peptide Repair Hair Milk 150ml
VerbVerb Bonding Shampoo
Definition
Maleic acid is a butenedioic acid in which the double bond has cis- (Z)-configuration. It has a role as a mouse metabolite, a plant metabolite and an algal metabolite. It is a conjugate acid of a maleate and a maleate(1-).
Source: PubChem
US FDA substance register · UNII 91XW058U2C · registered name Maleic Acid · single chemical substance
Cosmetic roles
Safety & regulatory references
Not classified under Korea’s toxic-substance GHS list · existing chemical substance
Reviewed by CIR: Final Report on the Safety Assessment of Maleic Acid
More data — names, identifiers, properties, test records, literature
Official labels & definitions
JCIA labelling name マレイン酸: 本品は、次の化学式で表される不飽和有機酸である｡
Source: JCIA labelling names (Japan)
Names & identifiers
- CAS No.chemical registry number
- 110-16-7
- CAS No.chemical registry number
- 6915-18-0
- EC No.EU chemical inventory number
- 203-742-5
- DTXSIDUS EPA chemical ID
- DTXSID8021517
- DTXCIDUS EPA compound ID
- DTXCID201517
- IUPAC
- (2Z)-But-2-enedioic acid
- Molecular formula
- C4H4O4
- Molecular weight
- 116.072 g/mol
Measured properties
- Appearance
- solid
- Colour
- white
- Melting/freezing point
- 130.5 ℃
- Flash point
- 127 ℃
- Flammability (solid, gas)
- combustible
- Vapour pressure
- 0.0000134 ㎜Hg (25 ℃)
- Water solubility
- 441000 ㎎/ℓ (25 ℃)
- Vapour density
- 4
- Relative density
- 1.59
- n-Octanol/water partition coefficient (Kow)
- -0.48
- Decomposition temperature
- (&, gt, 140 ℃)
- Molecular weight
- 116.07
Values measured on the substance itself. The KOSHA data are a reference for writing and reviewing safety data sheets, not a specification for a commercial raw material.
Source: KOSHA safety data sheets (Korea)
What products actually use it for
What the 21 products reported to the US EPA with this ingredient use it for. Products outside cosmetics are included, so the top few rows are its main uses.
- pH regulating agent5
- Monomers3
- Processing aids not otherwise specified2
- Intermediate2
- Corrosion inhibitor2
- Foamant2
- Stabilizing agent1
- Adhesion/cohesion promoter1
3 other uses
- Preservative1
- Fragrance1
- Elasticizer1
Source: US EPA CompTox dashboard
Irritation and sensitisation studies
11 skin studies and 4 eye studies are on record.
The study conclusions largely agree (100%). These tests are on the raw material itself; irritation at the amount in a finished product is a different question.
See all 15 studies
- High Frequency of Sensitization
skin sensitisation: in vivo (non-LLNA) · Screening · according to OECD Guideline 406 (Skin Sensitisation) according to EU Method B.6 (Skin Sensitisation) - High Frequency of Sensitization
skin sensitisation: in vivo (LLNA) · Screening · according to OECD Guideline 429 (Skin Sensitisation: Local Lymph Node Assay) - Ambiguous
skin sensitisation: in vivo (LLNA) · Screening · according to OECD Guideline 429 (Skin Sensitisation: Local Lymph Node Assay) - Corrosive
skin irritation: in vivo · Screening · OECD Guideline 404 (Acute Dermal Irritation / Corrosion) equivalent or similar to - Category 2
Skin Irritation · Screening - Classification not possible
Skin Sensitization · Screening - Category 6.3A (Category 2)
Skin Irritation · Read Across - Skin Irrit. 2
Skin Irritation · Authoritative - Skin Sens. 1
Skin Sensitization · Authoritative - Not likely to be sensitizing
skin sensitisation: in vivo (non-LLNA) · Screening · according to OECD Guideline 406 (Skin Sensitisation) - Ambiguous
skin irritation: in vivo · Screening · OECD Guideline 404 (Acute Dermal Irritation / Corrosion) according to - Category 8.3A (Category 1)
Eye Irritation · Read Across - Eye Irrit. 2
Eye Irritation · Authoritative - Corrosive or Irritation Persists for > 21 days
eye irritation: in vivo · Screening · OECD Guideline 405 (Acute Eye Irritation / Corrosion) equivalent or similar to - Category 1
Eye Irritation · Screening
Source: US EPA CompTox dashboard
Related literature
- Identification of pyruvic and maleic acid as potential markers for disease activity and prognosis in chronic urticaria. · 2024
- Encapsulation of propolis extracts in aqueous formulations by using nanovesicles of lipid and poly(styrene-alt-maleic acid) · 2023
- Chromium (VI) Ion Adsorption onto Maleic Acid Red Onion Skin Extract Resin (MRER) in Aqueous Solution · 2019
- Styrene maleic acid-encapsulated RL71 micelles suppress tumor growth in a murine xenograft model of triple negative breast cancer · 2017
- Determination of Dimethyl Fumarate and Other Fumaric and Maleic Acid Diesters in Desiccants and Consumer Products in Japan · 2011
Linked databases 21
- Australian Industrial Chemicals Inventory (AICIS)
- ChEBI
- ChEMBL
- China inventory of existing ingredients (IECIC)
- EU CosIng ingredient list 2
- JCIA labelling names (Japan)
- Korea Cosmetic Association ingredient dictionary
- Korea toxic substances GHS register (NIER)
- KOSHA safety data sheets (Korea)
- MFDS (Korea) cosmetic ingredient register 2
- NIST Chemistry WebBook
- PubChem
- Tlooto literature search 2 3 4 5
- UniChem cross-reference IDs
- US Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) 2
- US EPA CompTox dashboard 2
- US EPA DSSTox chemical database
- US FDA substance registration (GSRS)
- US FDA Unique Ingredient Identifier (UNII)
- Wikidata
- Wikipedia · Korean · English · Japanese · Chinese