Propanal is an aldehyde that consists of ethane bearing a formyl substituent.
Definition
Propanal is an aldehyde that consists of ethane bearing a formyl substituent. The parent of the class of propanals. It has a role as an Escherichia coli metabolite. It is a member of propanals and an alpha-CH2-containing aldehyde.
Source: PubChem
US FDA substance register · UNII AMJ2B4M67V · registered name Propionaldehyde · single chemical substance
Cosmetic roles
Safety & regulatory references
Not classified under Korea’s toxic-substance GHS list · existing chemical substance
More data — names, identifiers, properties, test records, literature
Names & identifiers
- CAS No.chemical registry number
- 123-38-6
- EC No.EU chemical inventory number
- 204-623-0
- DTXSIDUS EPA chemical ID
- DTXSID2021658
- DTXCIDUS EPA compound ID
- DTXCID001658
- IUPAC
- Propanal
- Molecular formula
- C3H6O
- Molecular weight
- 58.08 g/mol
Measured properties
- Appearance
- Propionaldehyde appears as a clear colorless liquid with an overpowering fruity-like odor. Less dense than water. Flash point 15 °F. Vapors are heavier than air. · Liquid
- Odour
- SUFFOCATING, FRUITY · CHARACTERISTIC ODOR SIMILAR TO ACETALDEHYDE
- Boiling point
- 120 °F at 760 mmHg (NTP, 1992) · 48 °C
- Melting point
- -114 °F (NTP, 1992) · -80 °C
- Solubility
- 50 to 100 mg/mL at 64 °F (NTP, 1992) · Soluble in water, miscible with ethanol, ethyl ether
- Density
- 0.805 at 68 °F (USCG, 1999) - Less dense than water, will float · 0.8657 g/cu cm at 25 °C
- Viscosity
- 0.3167 cP at 26.7 °C
- Colour
- colourless
- Odour threshold
- 1 ppm
- Melting/freezing point
- -81 ℃
- Initial boiling point and range
- 49 ℃
- Flash point
- -30 ℃(c.c.)
- Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits
- 17 / 2.6 %
- Vapour pressure
- 31.3 ㎪ (20℃)
- Water solubility
- 30.6 g/100㎖ (25℃)
- Vapour density
- 2
- Relative density
- 0.8
- n-Octanol/water partition coefficient (Kow)
- 0.59
- Auto-ignition temperature
- 207 ℃
- Molecular weight
- 58.09
Values measured on the substance itself. The KOSHA data are a reference for writing and reviewing safety data sheets, not a specification for a commercial raw material.
Source: PubChem · KOSHA safety data sheets (Korea)
What products actually use it for
What the 11 products reported to the US EPA with this ingredient use it for. Products outside cosmetics are included, so the top few rows are its main uses.
- Fragrance4
- Flavouring and nutrient2
- Monomers2
- Intermediate2
- Chemical reaction regulator1
Source: US EPA CompTox dashboard
Irritation and sensitisation studies
9 skin studies and 6 eye studies are on record.
The study conclusions largely agree (100%). These tests are on the raw material itself; irritation at the amount in a finished product is a different question.
See all 15 studies
- Severe Irritation
skin irritation: in vivo · Screening · OECD Guideline 404 (Acute Dermal Irritation / Corrosion) equivalent or similar to - Not likely to be sensitizing
skin sensitisation: in vivo (non-LLNA) · Screening · equivalent or similar to OECD Guideline 406 (Skin Sensitisation) - Not likely to be sensitizing
skin sensitisation: in vivo (LLNA) · Screening · according to OECD Guideline 429 (Skin Sensitisation: Local Lymph Node Assay) - Skin corrosion/irritation - Category 2
Skin Irritation · Screening - Classification not possible
Skin Sensitization · Screening - Studies Indicate No Significant Irritation
skin irritation: in vivo · Screening · OECD Guideline 404 (Acute Dermal Irritation / Corrosion) according to - Category 2
Skin Irritation · Screening - Category 6.3B (Category 3)
Skin Irritation · Read Across - Skin Irrit. 2
Skin Irritation · Authoritative - Severe Irritation
eye irritation: in vivo · Screening · OECD Guideline 405 (Acute Eye Irritation / Corrosion) equivalent or similar to - Corrosive or Irritation Persists for > 21 days
eye irritation: in vivo · Screening · OECD Guideline 405 (Acute Eye Irritation / Corrosion) according to - Category 2
Eye Irritation · Screening - Category 6.4A (Category 2A)
Eye Irritation · Read Across - Serious eye damage/eye irritation - Category 2A
Eye Irritation · Screening - Eye Irrit. 2
Eye Irritation · Authoritative
Source: US EPA CompTox dashboard
Related literature
- Association of subjective health symptoms with Indoor Air Quality in European office buildings: The OFFICAIR project. · 2020
- Analysis of Volatile Compounds in Food and Cosmetic, Using the Purge and Trap Injector Coupled to a Gas Chromatograph with Photo Ionization Detector · 2010
- Preparation and Evaluation of Transdermal Drug Delivery System of Etoricoxib Using Modified Chitosan · 2008
- In vitro penetration and subchronic toxicity of alpha-methyl-1,3-benzodioxole-5-propionaldehyde. · 2007
- Transdermal delivery of antiasthmatic drug through modified chitosan membrane · 2005
Linked databases 16
- Australian Industrial Chemicals Inventory (AICIS)
- ChEBI
- ChEMBL
- EU CosIng ingredient list 2
- Korea toxic substances GHS register (NIER)
- KOSHA safety data sheets (Korea)
- NIST Chemistry WebBook
- PubChem 2
- Tlooto literature search 2 3 4 5
- UniChem cross-reference IDs
- US EPA CompTox dashboard 2
- US EPA DSSTox chemical database
- US FDA substance registration (GSRS)
- US FDA Unique Ingredient Identifier (UNII)
- Wikidata
- Wikipedia · English · Japanese · Chinese