Propylparaben is the ester of n-propyl alcohol and p-hydroxybenzoic acid.
How much products actually contain
No product states its amount yet.
Of the products containing it, 13 list it before the 1% line and 112 after it (usually 1% or less).
Products using this ingredient
12 of 125 confirmed · likeliest to carry enough first · See all 125
NightingaleNightingale IPSE Collagen Foam Cleanser
ORLYORLY FUNGUS MD
TENZEROTENZERO Balancing Foam Cleanser Peptide Collagen
TENZEROTENZERO Balancing Foam Cleanser Hyaluronic Snail
TENZEROTENZERO Balancing Foam Cleanser Shea Butter Avocado
TENZEROTENZERO Balancing Foam Cleanser Strawberry
TENZEROTENZERO Balancing Foam Cleanser Apple
TENZEROTENZERO Balancing Foam Cleanser Rice
CIRACLEAqua Control Double Moisture Cream
LabottachVenolite 4 Patches
DASHUDASHU For Men Premium Ultra Holding Power Wax
MentholatumHandveil Beauty Premium Rich Nail Repair Coat 10ml
Definition
Propylparaben is the ester of n-propyl alcohol and p-hydroxybenzoic acid. It conforms to the formula:
Propylparaben is the benzoate ester that is the propyl ester of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid. Preservative typically found in many water-based cosmetics, such as creams, lotions, shampoos and bath products. Also used as a food additive. It has a role as an antimicrobial agent and an antifungal agent. It is a member of phenols, a benzoate ester and a paraben. It is functionally related to a propan-1-ol and a 4-hydroxybenzoic acid.
Source: PubChem
US FDA substance register · UNII Z8IX2SC1OH · registered name Propylparaben · single chemical substance
Cosmetic roles
Safety & regulatory references
- Restricted
- China · Japan · South Korea
Source: MFDS (Korea) cosmetic regulatory information
Argentina · Brazil
- Maximum concentration permitted at final product : (a) 0,14% (expresso como ácido) para a soma das concentrações individuais. (b) 0,8% (expresso como ácido) para a soma das concentrações individuais das substâncias mencionadas nos itens 11 e 11-A contidos no produto; neste caso a soma das concentrações individuais de butil e propilparabeno e seus sais não devem superar 0,14% (expresso como ácido).
- Other limitations and requirements : Não usar em produtos que não se enxáguem destinados a área de fraldas em crianças menores de 3 anos.
- Use conditions and warnings that must appear on the label : Em produtos que não se enxáguem desenhados para crianças menores de 3 anos: "Não usar nas áreas das fraldas".
ASEAN
- Maximum authorised concentration in the finished cosmetic product : 0.4% (as acid) for single ester 0.8% (as acid) for mixtures of esters
Taiwan
- (a) 0.14%
European Union
- Maximum concentration in ready for use preparation : - 0,14% (as acid) for the sum of the individual concentrations - 0,8% (as acid) for mixtures of substances mentioned in entry 12 and 12a, here the sum of the individual concentrations of butyl and propylparaben and their salts does not exceed 0,14%
- Other : Not to be used in leave-on products designed for application on the nappy area of children under three years of age.
- Wording of conditions of use and warnings : For leave-on products designed for children under three years of age: "Do not use on the nappy area"
Source: MFDS (Korea) cosmetic regulatory information
Not classified under Korea’s toxic-substance GHS list · existing chemical substance
Restriction V/12 · SCCS opinion: Extended Opinion on the Safety Evaluation of Parabens; Opinion on Parabens; Opinion on Parabens updated request for a scientific opinion on 'propyl-and butylparaben'; Opinion on Parabens, underarm cosmetics and breast cancer; OPINION ON Propylparaben (PP)
Source: EU CosIng ingredient list
Reviewed by CIR: Final Amended Report on the Safety Assessment of Methylparaben, Ethylparaben, Propylparaben, Isopropylparaben, Butylparaben, Isobutylparaben and Benzylparaben as used in cosmetic products
Reviewed by CIR: Final Report on the Safety Assessment of Methylparaben, Ethylparaben, Propylparaben, and Butylparaben
Reviewed by CIR: Amended Safety Assessment of Parabens as Used in Cosmetics
More data — names, identifiers, properties, test records, literature
Official labels & definitions
JCIA labelling name プロピルパラベン: 本品は、パラヒドロキシ安息香酸とプロパノール(*)のエステルであり、次の化学式で表される。
Source: JCIA labelling names (Japan)
Names & identifiers
- CAS No.chemical registry number
- 94-13-3
- EC No.EU chemical inventory number
- 202-307-7
- DTXSIDUS EPA chemical ID
- DTXSID4022527
- DTXCIDUS EPA compound ID
- DTXCID602527
- IUPAC
- Propyl 4-hydroxybenzoate
- Molecular formula
- C10H12O3
- Molecular weight
- 180.203 g/mol
Measured properties
- Appearance
- Propyl-4-hydroxybenzoate appears as colorless crystals or white powder or chunky white solid. Melting point 95-98 °C. Odorless or faint aromatic odor. Low toxicity, Tasteless (numbs the tongue). pH: 6.5-7.0 (slightly acidic) in solution. · Liquid, Other Solid, Dry Powder
- Odour
- Odorless or has faint odor
- Boiling point
- 271 °F at 1 mmHg (NTP, 1992) · 294.00 to 295.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
- Melting point
- 203 to 208 °F (NTP, 1992) · 96.1 °C
- Solubility
- less than 1 mg/mL at 54 °F (NTP, 1992) · In water, 5.00X10+2 mg/L at 25 °C
- Density
- 1.28 at 77 °F (NTP, 1992) - Denser than water, will sink · 1.287 g/cu cm at 20 °C
- Stability
- Stable under recommended storage conditions. · Parabens are stable against hydrolysis during autoclaving & resist saponification /Parabens/
- Colour
- white
- Melting/freezing point
- 97 ℃
- Initial boiling point and range
- 301 ℃(calc.)
- Flash point
- 180 ℃
- Flammability (solid, gas)
- flammable
- Vapour pressure
- 0.000555 ㎜Hg (@ 25 ℃, est.)
- Water solubility
- 500 ㎎/ℓ (@ 25 ℃)
- Vapour density
- 6.22
- Relative density
- 1.063 (@ 102 ℃)
- n-Octanol/water partition coefficient (Kow)
- 3.04
- Auto-ignition temperature
- 600 ℃
- Molecular weight
- 180.21
Values measured on the substance itself. The KOSHA data are a reference for writing and reviewing safety data sheets, not a specification for a commercial raw material.
Source: PubChem · KOSHA safety data sheets (Korea)
What products actually use it for
What the 134 products reported to the US EPA with this ingredient use it for. Products outside cosmetics are included, so the top few rows are its main uses.
- Preservative119
- Fragrance9
- Processing aids not otherwise specified1
- Biocide1
- Flavouring and nutrient1
- Food preservative (EPA)1
- No specific technical function1
- Softener and conditioner1
Source: US EPA CompTox dashboard
Irritation and sensitisation studies
5 skin studies and 2 eye studies are on record.
The study conclusions largely agree (100%). These tests are on the raw material itself; irritation at the amount in a finished product is a different question.
See all 7 studies
- Not likely to be sensitizing
skin sensitisation: in vivo (LLNA) · Screening · according to OECD Guideline 429 (Skin Sensitisation: Local Lymph Node Assay) - Not likely to be sensitizing
skin sensitisation: in vivo (non-LLNA) · Screening · according to OECD Guideline 406 (Skin Sensitisation) - Category 6.3B (Category 3)
Skin Irritation · Read Across - Not likely to be sensitizing
skin sensitisation: in vivo (non-LLNA) · Screening · equivalent or similar to OECD Guideline 406 (Skin Sensitisation) adopted in 1981 - Category 6.5B (Category 1)
Skin Sensitization · Read Across - Category 6.4A (Category 2A)
Eye Irritation · Read Across - Studies Indicate No Significant Irritation
eye irritation: in vivo · Screening · OECD Guideline 405 (Acute Eye Irritation / Corrosion) adopted in 1987 according to EU Method B.5 (Acute Toxicity: Eye Irritation / Corrosion) according to
Source: US EPA CompTox dashboard
Related literature
- Development and Validation of a Novel Stability-Indicating RP-HPLC Method for the Simultaneous Determination of Halometasone, Fusidic Acid, Methylparaben, and Propylparaben in Topical Pharmaceutical Formulation · 2013
- Thermodynamic Analysis of the Solubility of Propylparaben in Acetonitrile–Water Cosolvent Mixtures · 2023
- Combined Toxicity of Methylparaben and Propylparaben in Artemia salina and Allium cepa Applying Experimental Design · 2023
- Embryonic exposure to butylparaben and propylparaben induced developmental toxicity and triggered anxiety‐like neurobehavioral response associated with oxidative stress and apoptosis in the head of zebrafish larvae · 2022
- Degradation of Tyrosinase by Melanosomal pH Change and a New Mechanism of Whitening with Propylparaben · 2017
Linked databases 23
- Australian Industrial Chemicals Inventory (AICIS)
- ChEBI
- ChEMBL
- China inventory of existing ingredients (IECIC)
- EU CosIng ingredient list 2
- EU SCCS safety opinions
- JCIA labelling names (Japan)
- Korea Cosmetic Association ingredient dictionary
- Korea toxic substances GHS register (NIER)
- KOSHA safety data sheets (Korea)
- MFDS (Korea) cosmetic ingredient register 2
- MFDS (Korea) cosmetic regulatory information 2 3
- NIST Chemistry WebBook
- PubChem 2
- Tlooto literature search 2 3 4 5
- UniChem cross-reference IDs
- US Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) 2 3 4
- US EPA CompTox dashboard 2
- US EPA DSSTox chemical database
- US FDA substance registration (GSRS)
- US FDA Unique Ingredient Identifier (UNII)
- Wikidata
- Wikipedia · English