Sodium hydroxide is an alkali metal hydroxide.
- Korean limit
- 5%
How much products actually contain
No product states its amount yet.
Of the products containing it, 430 list it before the 1% line and 1,102 after it (usually 1% or less).
Products using this ingredient
12 of 1,527 confirmed · likeliest to carry enough first · See all 1,527
GlossierGlossier Solution
Paula's ChoiceSKIN PERFECTING 8% AHA Gel Exfoliant 100ml
MISSHAMISSHA Pattinol Pore Dead Peel Drop 25
Dr. Bronner'sDr. Bronner's Almond - Pure-Castile Magic Bar Soap
Dr. Bronner'sDr. Bronner's Citrus - Pure-Castile Magic Bar Soap
Dr. Bronner'sDr. Bronner's Eucalyptus - Pure-Castile Magic Bar Soap
Dr. Bronner'sDr. Bronner's Lavender - Pure-Castile Magic Bar Soap
Dr. Bronner'sDr. Bronner's Peppermint - Pure-Castile Magic Bar Soap
Dr. Bronner'sDr. Bronner's Rose - Pure-Castile Magic Bar Soap
Dr. Bronner'sDr. Bronner's Sandalwood Jasmine - Pure-Castile Bar Soap
Dr. Bronner'sDr. Bronner's Tea Tree - Pure-Castile Magic Bar Soap
Dr. Bronner'sDr. Bronner's Unscented - Pure-Castile Magic Bar Soap
Definition
Sodium hydroxide is an alkali metal hydroxide.
Source: PubChem
US FDA substance register · UNII 55X04QC32I · registered name Sodium hydroxide · single chemical substance
Cosmetic roles
Safety & regulatory references
- Restricted
- South Korea · Taiwan
Source: MFDS (Korea) cosmetic regulatory information
Argentina · Brazil
- Field of application and/or use : (a) Removers cuticles (b) Hair strengthener: 1. General use 2. Professional use (c) To adjust pH depilatories d) For pH adjustments in other products
- Maximum concentration permitted at final product : (a) 5% mass (b) 1. 2% in mass 2. 4,5% in mass b: the sum of the calculated mass hydroxides such as sodium hydroxide (c) to pH 12.7 d) to pH 11
- Use conditions and warnings that must appear on the label : a) - Contains alkali - Avoid contact with eyes - Can cause blindness - Keep out of reach of children b) 1 and 2 - Contains alkali - Avoid contact with eyes - Can cause blindness - Keep out of reach of children - For professional use only (if applicable) c) - Keep out of reach of children - Avoid contact with eyes
ASEAN
- Field of application and/or use : (a) Nail cuticle solvent (b) Hair straightener 1. General use 2. Professional use (c) pH adjuster – for depilatories (d) Other uses as pH adjuster
- Maximum authorised concentration in the finished cosmetic product : (a) 5% by weight (4) (b) 1. 2% by weight (4) 2. 4.5% by weight (4) (c) up to pH 12.7 (d) up to pH 11
- Conditions of use and warning which must be printed on the labels : (a) • Contains alkali • Avoid contact with eyes • Can cause blindness • Keep out of reach of children (b) 1. • Contains alkali • Avoid contact with eyes • Can cause blindness • Keep out of reach of children 2. • For professional use only • Avoid contact with eyes • Can cause blindness (c) • Keep out of reach of children • Avoid contact with eyes
China
- Maximum concentration : (a) 5%
- (b)
- 1. 2%
- 2. 4.5%
- (c) pH≤12.7
- (d) pH≤11
- (b)
European Union
- Product Type, body parts : (a) Nail cuticle solvent (b) Hair straightener (c) pH adjuster for depilatories (d) Other uses as pH adjuster 15d- Callosity softener/remover
- Maximum concentration in ready for use preparation : (a) 5.0% (5) (b) 1. 2% (5) 2. 4.5% (5) 15d- 1.5% (5)
- Other : (b) 1. General use 2. Professional use (c) up to pH 12.7 (d) up to pH 11 15 d Contains alcakali, Avoid contact with eyes Keep out of reach of chindren ans Read directions for use carefully
- Wording of conditions of use and warnings : (a) Contains alkali Avoid contact with eyes Can cause blindness Keep out of reach of children (b) 1. Contains alkali Avoid contact with eyes Can cause blindness Keep out of reach of children 2. For professional use only Avoid contact with eyes Can cause blindness (c) Keep out of reach of children Avoid contact with eyes
Source: MFDS (Korea) cosmetic regulatory information
Korea’s toxic-substance GHS classification: Danger · H290 (category 1) · H314 (category 1A) · H312 (category 4)
Restriction III/15a · Other restriction: ban substances that deplete the ozone layer
Source: EU CosIng ingredient list
Reviewed by CIR: Safety Assessment of Inorganic Hydroxides as Used in Cosmetics
More data — names, identifiers, properties, test records, literature
Official labels & definitions
JCIA labelling name 水酸化Na: 本品は、ナトリウムの水酸化物であり、次の化学式で表される。
Source: JCIA labelling names (Japan)
Names & identifiers
- CAS No.chemical registry number
- 1310-73-2
- EC No.EU chemical inventory number
- 215-185-5
- DTXSIDUS EPA chemical ID
- DTXSID0029634
- DTXCIDUS EPA compound ID
- DTXCID609634
- IUPAC
- Sodium hydroxide
- Molecular formula
- HNaO
- Molecular weight
- 39.997 g/mol
Measured properties
- Appearance
- Sodium hydroxide solution appears as a colorless liquid. More dense than water. Contact may severely irritate skin, eyes, and mucous membranes. Toxic by ingestion. Corrosive to metals and tissue. · Sodium hydroxide, solid appears as a white solid. Corrosive to metals and tissue. Used in chemical manufacturing, petroleum refining, cleaning compounds, drain cleaners.
- Odour
- ... Odorless ... · odourless
- Boiling point
- greater than 266 °F at 760 mmHg (USCG, 1999) · Very high (USCG, 1999)
- Melting point
- 604 °F (USCG, 1999) · 323
- Solubility
- 111 % (NIOSH, 2024) · easily soluble in cold water, hot water
- Density
- 1.5 at 68 °F (USCG, 1999) - Denser than water, will sink · 2.13 at 68 °F (USCG, 1999) - Denser than water, will sink
- Colour
- white
- pH
- 14
- Melting/freezing point
- 318 ℃
- Initial boiling point and range
- 1390 ℃
- Relative density
- 2.13 (20℃)
- n-Octanol/water partition coefficient (Kow)
- -3.88 (est.)
- Viscosity
- 4 cP(350℃)
- Molecular weight
- 40
Values measured on the substance itself. The KOSHA data are a reference for writing and reviewing safety data sheets, not a specification for a commercial raw material.
Source: PubChem · KOSHA safety data sheets (Korea)
What products actually use it for
What the 1,400 products reported to the US EPA with this ingredient use it for. Products outside cosmetics are included, so the top few rows are its main uses.
- pH regulating agent921
- Oxidizing agent271
- No specific technical function47
- Cleaning agent45
- Chelating agent16
- Processing aids not otherwise specified14
- Binder8
- Solvent5
39 other uses
- Surfactant (surface active agent)5
- Corrosion inhibitor4
- Intermediate4
- Stabilizing agent4
- Bleaching agent4
- Ion exchange agent3
- Solids separation (precipitating) agent, not other3
- Plasticizer3
- Surface modifier2
- Sealant (barrier)2
- Fuel2
- Catalyst2
- Pigment2
- Flavouring and nutrient2
- Softener and conditioner2
- Plating agent2
- Dye2
- Biocide2
- Chemical reaction regulator2
- Soil amendments2
- Diluent1
- Anti-scaling agent1
- Swelling agent1
- Leaching agent1
- Anti-adhesive/cohesive1
- Degradant/impurity (EPA)1
- Other1
- Brightener1
- Sizing agent1
- Abrasive1
- Density modifier1
- Deodorizer1
- Viscosity modifier1
- Food preservative (EPA)1
- Filler1
- Fragrance1
- Preservative1
- Thickening agent1
- Flotation agent1
Source: US EPA CompTox dashboard
Irritation and sensitisation studies
11 skin studies and 8 eye studies are on record.
The study conclusions largely agree (100%). These tests are on the raw material itself; irritation at the amount in a finished product is a different question.
See all 19 studies
- Category 1
Skin Irritation · Screening - Severe Irritation
skin irritation: in vivo · Screening · OECD Guideline 404 (Acute Dermal Irritation / Corrosion) equivalent or similar to - Skin corrosion - category 1A
Skin Irritation · Screening - Moderate or Mild Irritation
skin irritation: in vivo · Screening · OECD Guideline 404 (Acute Dermal Irritation / Corrosion) according to - Category 6.3A (Category 2)
Skin Irritation · Read Across - Skin corrosion/irritation - Category 1
Skin Irritation · Screening - Skin Corr. 1A
Skin Irritation · Authoritative - Category 8.2B (Category 1B)
Skin Irritation · Read Across - Skin Corr. 1A
Skin Irritation · Screening - Category 8.2C (Category 1C)
Skin Irritation · Read Across - Not classified
Skin Sensitization · Screening - Severe Irritation
eye irritation: in vivo · Screening · OECD Guideline 405 (Acute Eye Irritation / Corrosion) according to - Category 8.3A (Category 1)
Eye Irritation · Read Across - Severe Irritation
eye irritation: in vivo · Screening · other guideline: testing protocol was based on the methodology of Draize and the Federal Hazardous Substances Act Regulation according to - Corrosive or Irritation Persists for > 21 days
eye irritation: in vivo · Screening · OECD Guideline 405 (Acute Eye Irritation / Corrosion) equivalent or similar to - Category 6.4A (Category 2A)
Eye Irritation · Read Across - Category 1
Eye Irritation · Screening - Moderate or Mild Irritation
eye irritation: in vivo · Screening · OECD Guideline 405 (Acute Eye Irritation / Corrosion) according to - Eye Dam. 1
Eye Irritation · Screening
Source: US EPA CompTox dashboard
Related literature
- Altered lipid metabolism and ferroptosis in sodium hydroxide-induced skin burns: a comprehensive rat model-based analysis. · 2025
- Therapeutic outcomes of one‐minute application of sodium hydroxide versus phenol in the chemical cauterization of ingrown toenails · 2022
- Effect of Different Concentration of Sodium Hydroxide [NaOH] on Kenaf Sandwich Structures · 2018
- Autopsy results of a case of ingestion of sodium hydroxide solution · 2015
- Complications of sodium hydroxide chemical matrixectomy: nail dystrophy, allodynia, hyperalgesia. · 2014
Linked databases 22
- Australian Industrial Chemicals Inventory (AICIS)
- ChEBI
- ChEMBL
- China inventory of existing ingredients (IECIC)
- EU CosIng ingredient list 2
- JCIA labelling names (Japan)
- Korea Cosmetic Association ingredient dictionary
- Korea toxic substances GHS register (NIER)
- KOSHA safety data sheets (Korea)
- MFDS (Korea) cosmetic ingredient register 2
- MFDS (Korea) cosmetic regulatory information 2 3
- NIST Chemistry WebBook
- PubChem 2
- Tlooto literature search 2 3 4 5
- UniChem cross-reference IDs
- US Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) 2
- US EPA CompTox dashboard 2
- US EPA DSSTox chemical database
- US FDA substance registration (GSRS)
- US FDA Unique Ingredient Identifier (UNII)
- Wikidata
- Wikipedia · Korean · English · Japanese · Chinese