2-methyl-1,4-phenylenediamine is a diamine in which the two amino groups are substituted into toluene at the 2- and 5-positions.
- Korean limit
- 2.0%
Definition
2-methyl-1,4-phenylenediamine is a diamine in which the two amino groups are substituted into toluene at the 2- and 5-positions. It has a role as an allergen. It derives from a hydride of a toluene.
Source: PubChem
US FDA substance register · UNII 24JO8Z0RJU · registered name TOLUENE-2,5-DIAMINE · single chemical substance
Cosmetic roles
Safety & regulatory references
- Restricted
- South Korea · United Kingdom
Source: ASEAN Cosmetic Directive · EU Cosmetics Regulation · Health Canada Cosmetic Ingredient Hotlist · MFDS (Korea) cosmetic regulatory information · Taiwan FDA cosmetic ingredients · Taiwan FDA cosmetic regulations · UK cosmetics regulations (OPSS)
ASEAN
- Field of application and/or use : Hair dye substance in oxidative hair dye products Use for dyeing eyelashes and eyebrows is not permitted.
- Other limitations and requirements : 1. and 2. After mixing under oxidative conditions the maximum concentration applied to hair must not exceed 4% calculated as free base
- Conditions of use and warning which must be printed on the labels : To be printed on the label: The mixing ratio “Hair colourants can cause severe allergic reactions. Read and follow instructions. This product is not intended for use on persons under the age of 16. Temporary ‘black henna’ tattoos may increase your risk of allergy. Do not colour your hair if: - you have a rash on your face or sensitive, irritated and damaged scalp, - you have ever experienced any reaction after colouring your hair, - you have experienced a reaction to a temporary ‘black henna’ tattoo in the past. Contains phenylenediamines. (toluene diamines). Do not use to dye eyelashes or eyebrows.”
Canada
- Conditions of Use by product type : (a) Not permitted in the area of the eye as indicated in section 14 of the Cosmetic Regulations. (b) In hair dyes as indicated in section 22 of the Cosmetic Regulations.
- Warnings and Cautionary Statements: (to the effect of) : On the inner label and the outer label of the cosmetic:“CAUTION: this product contains ingredients that may cause skin irritation on certain individuals and a preliminary test according to accompanying directions should first be made. This product must not be used for dying the eyelashes or eyebrows. To do so may cause blindness.” Instructions to the following effect accompany each package of hair dye: (i) The preparation may cause serious inflammation of the skin in some persons, and a preliminary test should always be carried out to determine whether or not special sensitivity exists; and (ii) To make the test, a small area of skin behind the ear or on the inner surface of the forearm should be cleansed, using either soap and water or alcohol, and a small quantity of the hair dye, as prepared for use, should be applied to the area and allowed to dry. After 24 hours, the area should be washed gently with soap and water. If no irritation or inflammation is apparent, it is usually assumed that no hypersensitivity to the dye exists. The test should, however, be carried out before each application. On no account should the hair dye be used for dyeing eyebrows or eyelashes as severe inflammation of the eye or even blindness may result.”
Taiwan
- 3.6%
China
- Maximum concentration : 4%
European Union
- Product Type, body parts : Hair dye substance in oxidative hair dye products (a) General use (b) Professional use For (a) and (b): After mixing under oxidative conditions the maximum concentration to hair must not exceed 4% calculated as free base.
- Other : (a) and (b) After mixing under oxidative conditions the maximum concentration applied to hair must not exceed 4% calculated as free base
- Wording of conditions of use and warnings : (a) Hair colorants can cause severe allergic reactions. Read and follow instructions. This product is not intended for use on persons under the age of 16. Temporary "black henna" tattoos may increase your risk of allergy. Do not colour your hair if: - you have a rash on your face or sensitive, irritated and damaged scalp, - you have ever experienced any reaction after colouring your hair, - you have experienced a reaction to a temporay "black henna" tattoo in the past. Contains phenylenediamines (toluenediamines). Do not use to dye eyelashes or eyebrows. The mixing ratio is printed on the label (b) For professional use only Hair colorants can cause severe allergic reactions. Read and follow instructions. This product is not intended for use on persons under the age of 16. Temporary "black henna" tattoos may increase your risk of allergy. Do not colour your hair if: - you have a rash on your face or sensitive, irritated and damaged scalp, - you have ever experienced any reaction after colouring your hair, - you have experienced a reaction to a temporay "black henna" tattoo in the past. Contains phenylenediamines (toluenediamines). Wear suitable gloves. The mixing ratio is printed on the label
Source: MFDS (Korea) cosmetic regulatory information
Korea’s toxic-substance GHS classification: Danger · H332 (category 4) · H301 (category 3) · H411 (category 2) · +2 more
Restriction III/9a · SCCS opinion: Opinion on Toluene-2 5-diamine and its sulfate; Opinion on Toluene-2,5-diamine
Source: EU CosIng ingredient list
Reviewed by CIR: Final Report on the Safety Assessment of Toluene-2,5-Diamine, Toluene-2,5-Diamine Sulfate, and Toluene-3,4-Diamine
Reviewed by CIR: Final Amended Report of the Safety Assessment of Toluene-2,5-Diamine, Toluene-2,5-Diamine Sulfate and Toluene-3,5-Diamine as Used in Cosmetics
More data — names, identifiers, properties, test records, literature
Names & identifiers
- CAS No.chemical registry number
- 95-70-5
- EC No.EU chemical inventory number
- 202-442-1
- DTXSIDUS EPA chemical ID
- DTXSID6029123
- DTXCIDUS EPA compound ID
- DTXCID707869
- IUPAC
- 2-Methylbenzene-1,4-diamine
- Molecular formula
- C7H10N2
- Molecular weight
- 122.171 g/mol
Measured properties
- Appearance
- Other Solid · Colorless plates, [HSDB]
- Boiling point
- 273.5 °C
- Melting point
- 64 °C
- Solubility
- Soluble in water, ethanol, ethyl ether, slightly soluble in benzene, acetic acid
- Colour
- colourless
- Melting/freezing point
- 64 ℃
- Initial boiling point and range
- 273.5 ℃
- Flash point
- 140 ℃
- Vapour pressure
- 0.0037 ㎜Hg
- Water solubility
- 72500 ㎎/ℓ
- n-Octanol/water partition coefficient (Kow)
- 0.16
- Molecular weight
- 122.17
Values measured on the substance itself. The KOSHA data are a reference for writing and reviewing safety data sheets, not a specification for a commercial raw material.
Source: PubChem · KOSHA safety data sheets (Korea)
What products actually use it for
What the 3 products reported to the US EPA with this ingredient use it for. Products outside cosmetics are included, so the top few rows are its main uses.
- Dye3
Source: US EPA CompTox dashboard
Irritation and sensitisation studies
7 skin studies and 3 eye studies are on record.
The study conclusions largely agree (100%). These tests are on the raw material itself; irritation at the amount in a finished product is a different question.
See all 10 studies
- Skin Sens. 1
Skin Sensitization · Authoritative - Category 1
Skin Sensitization · Screening - Sh
Skin Sensitization · Authoritative - Category 3
Skin Irritation · Screening - High Frequency of Sensitization
skin sensitisation: in vivo (non-LLNA) · Screening · according to OECD Guideline 406 (Skin Sensitisation) Magnusson and Kligman - Ambiguous
skin irritation: in vivo · Screening · OECD Guideline 404 (Acute Dermal Irritation / Corrosion) according to - Moderate or Mild Irritation
skin irritation: in vivo · Screening · OECD Guideline 404 (Acute Dermal Irritation / Corrosion) equivalent or similar to other guideline: Code of Federal Regulations, Title 16, Section 1500.41 according to - Category 2A-2B
Eye Irritation · Screening - Studies Indicate No Significant Irritation
eye irritation: in vivo · Screening · OECD Guideline 405 (Acute Eye Irritation / Corrosion) equivalent or similar to other guideline: Code of Federal Regulations, Title 16, Section 1500.42 according to - Severe Irritation
eye irritation: in vivo · Screening · OECD Guideline 405 (Acute Eye Irritation / Corrosion) according to
Source: US EPA CompTox dashboard
Related literature
- Severe Hair Dye Anaphylaxis Caused by Toluene-2,5- Diamine Identified by Positive in Vitro Tests. · 2026
- Contact Allergy to Hair Dyes · 2016
- Final Amended Report of the Safety Assessment of Toluene-2,5-Diamine, Toluene-2,5-Diamine Sulfate, and Toluene-3,4-Diamine as Used in Cosmetics · 2010
- Toluene‐2,5‐diamine may be an isolated allergy in individuals sensitized by permanent hair dye · 2007
- Allergic contact dermatitis from toluene‐2,5‐diamine in a cream dye for eyelashes and eyebrows – quantitative exposure assessment · 2007
Linked databases 28
- ASEAN Cosmetic Directive
- Australian Industrial Chemicals Inventory (AICIS)
- ChEBI
- China inventory of existing ingredients (IECIC)
- EU CosIng ingredient list 2
- EU Cosmetics Regulation
- EU SCCS safety opinions
- Health Canada Cosmetic Ingredient Hotlist
- IARC carcinogen classification
- Korea Cosmetic Association ingredient dictionary
- Korea toxic substances GHS register (NIER)
- KOSHA safety data sheets (Korea)
- MFDS (Korea) cosmetic ingredient register 2
- MFDS (Korea) cosmetic regulatory information 2 3 4
- NIST Chemistry WebBook
- PubChem 2
- Taiwan FDA cosmetic ingredients
- Taiwan FDA cosmetic regulations
- Tlooto literature search 2 3 4 5
- UK cosmetics regulations (OPSS)
- UniChem cross-reference IDs
- US Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) 2 3
- US EPA CompTox dashboard 2
- US EPA DSSTox chemical database
- US FDA substance registration (GSRS)
- US FDA Unique Ingredient Identifier (UNII)
- Wikidata
- Wikipedia · English · Japanese