(S)-malic acid is an optically active form of malic acid having (S)-configuration.
How much products actually contain
15 products state the amountmedian 0.0003%
- under 0.01% 12
- 0.01–0.1% 3
- 0.1–1% 0
- 1% or more 0
Amounts are mostly stated by products named after the ingredient, so they may lean towards token amounts.
Of the products containing it, 104 list it before the 1% line and 40 after it (usually 1% or less).
Products using this ingredient
12 of 144 confirmed · likeliest to carry enough first · See all 144
ModeloAC Zero Solution0.03% stated
PetitfeeClarifying AHA Gel Cleanser0.01% stated
SOME BY MIAHA-BHA-PHA 30 Days Miracle Serum 50ml0.00032% stated
SOME BY MISOME BY MI AHA-BHA-PHA 30 Days Miracle Serum 50ml0.00032% stated
ESFOLIO3HA Clear Toner 150ml0.0003% stated
ESFOLIO3HA Clear Soothing Mask 5 Sheets0.0003% stated
ESFOLIO3HA Clear Serum 50ml0.0003% stated
CKDGreen Plum AHA BHA Texture Zero Cleansing Oil 200ml0.0000001% stated
DermalogicaDermalogica daily superfoliant exfoliator
OSEAOSEA Seaglow Overnight Serum AHA Treatment
philosophyphilosophy Triple-Acid Brightening Peel
Susanne KaufmannSusanne Kaufmann AHA Enzyme Body Lotion
Definition
(S)-malic acid is an optically active form of malic acid having (S)-configuration. It has a role as a geroprotector. It is a conjugate acid of a (S)-malate(2-). It is an enantiomer of a (R)-malic acid.
Source: PubChem
US FDA substance register · UNII J3TZF807X5 · registered name Malic acid, L- · single chemical substance
Cosmetic roles
Safety & regulatory references
Canada
- Conditions of Use by product type : (a) Products for use on the skin for consumer use. Manufacturer or importer to provide pH levels. (b) Products for use on the skin for professional use: Manufacturer must provide Health Canada with evidence of safety including: 1. pH levels 2. AHA concentrations 3. Directions for use 4. Clinical studies demonstrating minimal skin irritation (c) Products intended to be diluted in bath water may contain levels of AHAs exceeding 10% (d) Other cosmetics (e) Any cosmetics
- Maximum Concentration Permitted : (a) Between 3% and 18% total mono-AHA equivalents with a pH equal to or greater than 3.5 (b) Between 18% and 30% total mono-AHA equivalents and/or a pH between 3.0 to 3.5 (d) Between 3% and 30% total mono-AHA equivalents with a pH equal to or greater than 3.0 (e) 3%
- Warnings and Cautionary Statements: (to the effect of) : (a) and (b) : "Use only as directed", "Avoid contact with the eyes", "If irritation persists, discontinue use and consult a physician", "It is recommended that prior to exposure to the sun, users cover areas where AHAs have been applied with sunscreen" Product labels should contain appropriate directions regarding frequency and/or duration of use. (b only) "For professional use only" (d) "Use only as directed", "Avoid contact with eyes", "Discontinue use if rash or irritation occurs"
Taiwan
- Maximum concentration : pH≧3.5;
- pH≥3.5;
Source: MFDS (Korea) cosmetic regulatory information
Not classified under Korea’s toxic-substance GHS list · existing chemical substance
Other restriction: ban substances that deplete the ozone layer
Source: EU CosIng ingredient list
Reviewed by CIR: Amended Safety Assessment of Malic Acid and Sodium Malate as Used in Cosmetics
Reviewed by CIR: Final Report on the Safety Assessment of Malic Acid and Sodium Malate
More data — names, identifiers, properties, test records, literature
Official labels & definitions
JCIA labelling name リンゴ酸: 本品は、次の化学式で表される有機酸である。
Source: JCIA labelling names (Japan)
Names & identifiers
- CAS No.chemical registry number
- 6915-15-7
- CAS No.chemical registry number
- 97-67-6
- CAS No.chemical registry number
- 636-61-3
- EC No.EU chemical inventory number
- 230-022-8
- EC No.EU chemical inventory number
- 202-601-5
- DTXSIDUS EPA chemical ID
- DTXSID30273987
- DTXCIDUS EPA compound ID
- DTXCID10819943
- IUPAC
- (2S)-2-Hydroxybutanedioic acid
- Molecular formula
- C4H6O5
- Molecular weight
- 134.087 g/mol
Measured properties
- Appearance
- Solid, [Merck Index] White powder, [Sigma-Aldrich MSDS] · Solid
- Melting point
- 107 °C
- Colour
- white
- Odour
- odourless
- Relative density
- 1.595 g/cm3 (at 20 C)
- n-Octanol/water partition coefficient (Kow)
- -1.29
- Molecular weight
- 134.09
Values measured on the substance itself. The KOSHA data are a reference for writing and reviewing safety data sheets, not a specification for a commercial raw material.
Source: PubChem · KOSHA safety data sheets (Korea)
What products actually use it for
What the 4 products reported to the US EPA with this ingredient use it for. Products outside cosmetics are included, so the top few rows are its main uses.
- Flavouring and nutrient2
- Biocide1
- pH regulating agent1
Source: US EPA CompTox dashboard
Related literature
- Amended Safety Assessment of Malic Acid and Sodium Malate as Used in Cosmetics · 2022
- Effectiveness of a spray containing 1% malic acid in patients with xerostomia induced by graft-versus-host disease · 2019
- Impact of 1% malic acid spray on the oral health-related quality of life of patients with xerostomia. · 2018
- Efficacy of Malic Acid Against Campylobacter jejuni Attached to Chicken Skin During Refrigerated Storage · 2016
- Efficacy of malic acid against Listeria monocytogenes attached to poultry skin during refrigerated storage. · 2013
Linked databases 21
- Australian Industrial Chemicals Inventory (AICIS)
- ChEBI
- ChEMBL
- China inventory of existing ingredients (IECIC)
- EU CosIng ingredient list 2
- JCIA labelling names (Japan)
- Korea Cosmetic Association ingredient dictionary
- Korea toxic substances GHS register (NIER)
- KOSHA safety data sheets (Korea)
- MFDS (Korea) cosmetic ingredient register 2
- MFDS (Korea) cosmetic regulatory information 2 3
- NIST Chemistry WebBook
- PubChem 2
- Tlooto literature search 2 3 4 5
- UniChem cross-reference IDs
- US Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) 2 3
- US EPA CompTox dashboard 2
- US EPA DSSTox chemical database
- US FDA substance registration (GSRS)
- US FDA Unique Ingredient Identifier (UNII)
- Wikidata