N-propyl gallate is a trihydroxybenzoic acid.
How much products actually contain
No product states its amount yet.
Of the products containing it, 4 list it before the 1% line and 4 after it (usually 1% or less).
Products using this ingredient
8 of 8 confirmed · likeliest to carry enough first
r.e.m. beautyr.e.m. beauty mini lip oil
Ole HenriksenOle Henriksen Double Rewind 0.3% Pro-Grade Retinol Serum
MuradMurad Essential-C Cleanser
MuradMurad Rapid Collagen Infusion
BIODERMASebium Serum 30ml
The OrdinaryCaffeine Solution 5%
BIODERMASebium Lotion 200ml
BLITHEBubbling Splash Mask Indian Glacial Mud
Definition
N-propyl gallate is a trihydroxybenzoic acid.
Source: PubChem
US FDA substance register · UNII 8D4SNN7V92 · registered name Propyl gallate · single chemical substance
Cosmetic roles
Safety & regulatory references
Not classified under Korea’s toxic-substance GHS list · existing chemical substance
Other restriction: ban substances that deplete the ozone layer
Source: EU CosIng ingredient list
Reviewed by CIR: Tentative Report: Amended Safety Assessment of Alkyl Gallates as Used in Cosmetics
Reviewed by CIR: Final Report on the Amended Safety Assessment of Propyl Gallate
Reviewed by CIR: Final Report on the Safety Assessment of Propyl Gallate
More data — names, identifiers, properties, test records, literature
Official labels & definitions
JCIA labelling name 没食子酸プロピル: 本品は、没食子酸（＊）のプロピルエステルであり、次の化学式で表される。
Source: JCIA labelling names (Japan)
Names & identifiers
- CAS No.chemical registry number
- 121-79-9
- EC No.EU chemical inventory number
- 204-498-2
- DTXSIDUS EPA chemical ID
- DTXSID5021201
- DTXCIDUS EPA compound ID
- DTXCID901201
- IUPAC
- Propyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate
- Molecular formula
- C10H12O5
- Molecular weight
- 212.201 g/mol
Measured properties
- Appearance
- Propyl gallate appears as fine white to creamy-white crystalline powder. Odorless or with a faint odor. Melting point 150 °C. Insoluble in water. Slightly bitter taste. · White to creamy-white, crystalline, odourless solid
- Odour
- Odorless · Odorless or with a faint odor
- Boiling point
- Decomposes (NTP, 1992)
- Melting point
- 302 °F (NTP, 1992) · Between 146 °C and 150 °C after drying at 110 °C for four hours
- Solubility
- less than 1 mg/mL at 68 °F (NTP, 1992) · Slightly soluble in water, freely soluble in ethanol, ether and propane-1,2-diol
- Density
- 1.21 (NTP, 1992) - Denser than water, will sink · 1.21
- Stability
- Stable under recommended storage conditions.
- pH
- pH = 6.3 (0.05% aqueous solution), pH = 5.9 (0.1% aqueous solution), pH = 5.7 (0.2% aqueous solution)
- Dissociation constant
- pKa = 7.94
- Melting/freezing point
- 130 ℃
- Water solubility
- 3500 ㎎/ℓ (@ 25 ℃)
- Vapour density
- 7.32
- n-Octanol/water partition coefficient (Kow)
- 1.8
- Molecular weight
- 212.20
Values measured on the substance itself. The KOSHA data are a reference for writing and reviewing safety data sheets, not a specification for a commercial raw material.
Source: PubChem · KOSHA safety data sheets (Korea)
What products actually use it for
What the 46 products reported to the US EPA with this ingredient use it for. Products outside cosmetics are included, so the top few rows are its main uses.
- Antioxidant38
- Fragrance5
- Processing aids not otherwise specified2
- Flavouring and nutrient1
Source: US EPA CompTox dashboard
Irritation and sensitisation studies
5 skin studies and 2 eye studies are on record.
The study conclusions largely agree (100%). These tests are on the raw material itself; irritation at the amount in a finished product is a different question.
See all 7 studies
- Classification not possible
Skin Irritation · Screening - Category 6.5B (Category 1)
Skin Sensitization · Read Across - Category 6.3B (Category 3)
Skin Irritation · Read Across - Skin Sens. 1
Skin Sensitization · Authoritative - Category 1
Skin Sensitization · Screening - Category 6.4A (Category 2A)
Eye Irritation · Read Across - Classification not possible
Eye Irritation · Screening
Source: US EPA CompTox dashboard
Related literature
- Safety and efficacy of propyl gallate for all animal species · 2020
- Lip and Perioral Dermatitis Caused by Propyl Gallate · 2010
- Final report on the amended safety assessment of Propyl Gallate. · 2007
- Positive rates to propyl gallate on patch testing: a change in trend · 2007
- Kinetic determination of propyl gallate in edible and cosmetic oils with sensitized terbium(III) luminescence detection · 1995
Linked databases 22
- Australian Industrial Chemicals Inventory (AICIS)
- ChEBI
- ChEMBL
- China inventory of existing ingredients (IECIC)
- EU CosIng ingredient list 2
- JCIA labelling names (Japan)
- Korea Cosmetic Association ingredient dictionary
- Korea toxic substances GHS register (NIER)
- KOSHA safety data sheets (Korea)
- MFDS (Korea) cosmetic ingredient register 2
- NIST Chemistry WebBook
- PubChem 2
- Tlooto literature search 2 3 4 5
- UniChem cross-reference IDs
- US Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) 2 3 4
- US EPA CompTox dashboard 2
- US EPA DSSTox chemical database
- US FDA substance registration (GSRS)
- US FDA Unique Ingredient Identifier (UNII)
- US National Toxicology Program reports
- Wikidata
- Wikipedia · English · Japanese · Chinese